Diverse Gevaren die de Boeddha onderwees
In dit deel een verzameling sutta’s die gaan over de gevaren die de Boeddha nog meer zag.
Gevaren van verslaving aan drank en drugs
-“There are these six dangers attached to addiction to strong drink and sloth-producing drugs: present waste of money, increased quarrelling, liability to sickness, loss of good name,
indecent exposure of one's person, and weakening of the intellect. (DN31)
Het gevaar van Naam en Faam
"When he comes to know this, he investigates him further thus: 'Has this venerable one acquired renown and attained fame, so that the dangers [connected with renown and fame] are found in him?' For, bhikkhus, as long as a bhikkhu has not acquired renown and attained fame, the dangers [connected with renown and fame] are not found in him; but when he has
acquired renown and attained fame, those dangers are found in him. When he investigates him, he comes to know: 'This venerable one has acquired renown and attained fame, but the dangers [connected with renown and fame] are not found in him. (MN47)
-"Bhikkhus, those ascetics or brahmins who do not understand as they really are the gratification, the danger, and the escape in the case of gain, honour, and praise: So these I
do not consider to be ascetics among ascetics or brahmins among brahrnins, and these venerable ones do not, by realizing it for themselves with direct knowledge, in this very life enter and dwell in the goal of asceticism or the goal of brahminhood.
"But, bhikkhus, those ascetics and brahmins who understand as they really are the gratification, the danger, and the escape in the case of gain, honour, and praise: these I consider to be ascetics among ascetics and brahrnins among brahrnins, and these venerable ones, by realizing it for themselves with direct knowledge, in this very life enter and dwell in the goal of asceticism and the goal of brahminhood." (SN17.25)
-“On account of it (knowledge en vision, Siebe) he lauds himself and disparages others thus: 'I live knowing and seeing, but these other bhikkhus live unknowing and unseeing.' He becomes intoxicated with that knowledge and vision, grows negligent, falls into negligence, and being negligent, he lives in suffering. (MN29)
-"Again, a self-modifier practises a certain austerity, and this brings him gains, honours and fame. As a result, he is pleased and satisfied at having attained his end. . .Or else he elevates himself and disparages others. . .Or else he becomes intoxicated with conceit, infatuated and therefore careless. And this is a fault in that self-mortifier. (DN25)
De honger naar macht, aanzien, respect, erkenning, naam en faam zit zo diep. En als je het niet verkrijgt op basis van materiaal bezit, dan maar op basis van spirituele bezit (doorbraken, openbaringen, kennis en visie, ontdekkingen, inzichten, mystieke ervaringen etc). Ik geloof zelf dat dit iets diep menselijks is. Een soort diepe honger naar erken me, zie me, Ik ben.
De gevaren van naam en faam zijn regelmatig in het nieuws. Niet zelden begaan mensen met naam en faam wandaden, ook spirituele leraren met naam en faam.
In de sutta's treedt het besef naar voren dat eigenwaan steeds wel weer nieuwe voeding vindt. Is het niet in hoe je nog jeugdig en gezond bent, dan wel in je ontdekkingen, in je kennis en visie, in je moraliteit, in de goede daden etc. Zelf-verheerlijking ligt constant op de loer.
Gevaar van speculatieve visies
-“How is it then, Master Gotama? When Master Gotama is asked each of these ten questions, he replies: 'I do not hold that view.' What danger does Master Gotama see that he does not
take up any of these speculative views?"
"Vaccha, the speculative view that the world is eternal is a thicket of views, a wilderness of views, a contortion of views, a vacillation of views, a fetter of views. It is beset by suffering, by vexation, by despair, and by fever, and it does not lead to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbana.
"The speculative view that the world is not eternal...that the world is finite...that the world is infinite...that the soul and the body are the same...that the soul is one thing and the body another...that after death a Tathagata exists [486]...that after death a Tathagata does not exist...that after death a Tathagata both exists and does not exist...that after death a Tathagata neither exists nor does not exist is a thicket of views, a wilderness of views, a contortion of views, a vacillation of views, a fetter of views. It is beset by suffering, by vexation, by despair, and by fever, and it does not lead to disenchantment, to dispassion, to cessation, to peace, to direct knowledge, to enlightenment, to Nibbana. Seeing this danger, I do not take up any of these speculative views."
15. "Then does Master Gotama hold any speculative view at all?"
"Vaccha, 'speculative view' is something that the Tathagata has put away. For the Tathagata, Vaccha, has seen this: 'Such is materia] form, such its origin, such its disappearance; such is
feeling, such its origin, such its disappearance; such is perception, such its origin, such its disappearance; such are formations, such their origin, such their disappearance; such is consciousness, such its origin, such its disappearance.' Therefore, I say, with the destruction, fading away, cessation, giving up, and relinquishing of all conceivings, all excogitations, all I-making, mine-making, and the underlying tendency to conceit, the Tathagata is liberated through not clinging." (MN72)
Gevaar van immoreel gedrag
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers for an immoral person because of his deficiency in virtuous behavior. What five?
(1) "Here, an immoral person deficient in virtuous behavior loses much wealth because of heedlessness. This is the first danger for an immoral person because of his deficiency in virtuous behavior.
(2) "Again, a bad report circulates about an immoral person deficient in virtuou s behavior This is the second danger.. . .
(3) "Again, whatever assembly an immoral person deficient in virtuous behavior approaches— whether of khattiyas, brahmins,householders, or ascetics— he approaches it timid and disconcerted. This is the third-danger...-.
(4) "Again, an immoral person deficient in virtuous behavior dies confused. This is the fourth d anger…
(5) "Again, with the breakup of the body, after death, an immoral person deficient in virtuous behavior is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell.
This is the fifth danger---- "These are the five dangers for an immoral person because
of his deficiency in virtuous behavior. (AN5.213)
-"Ananda, I have declared definitively that deeds of bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, and mental misconduct are not to be done because in acting thus this danger is to be expected: one blames oneself; the wise, having investigated, censure one; a bad report circulates about one; one dies confused; and with the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell. I have declared definitively that deeds of bodily misconduct, verbal misconduct, and mental misconduct are not to be done because in acting thus this danger is to be expected. (AN2.18)
-"Friend Ananda, do you prescribe the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion?
"We do, friend." "But what is the danger that you have seen on account of which you prescribe the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion?''
(1) "One excited by lust, friend, overcome by lust, with mind obsessed by it, intends for his own affliction, for the affliction of others, and for the affliction of both, and he experiences mental suffering and dejection. But when lust is abandoned, he does not.intend for his own affliction, for the affliction of others, or for the affliction of both, and he does not experience mental suffering and dejection.
"One excited by lust, overcome by lust, with mind obsessed by it, engages misconduct by body, speech, and mind. But when lust is abandoned, one does not engage in misconduct
by body, speech, and mind. One excited by lust, overcome by lust, with mind obsessed by it, does not understand as it really is his own good, the good of others, and the good of both. But when lust is abandoned, one understands as it really is one's own good, the good of others, and the good of both. Lust leads to blindness, loss of vision, and lack of knowledge; it is obstructive to wisdom, aligned with distress, and does not lead to nibbana.
(2) "One full of hate, overcome by hatred…
(3) "One deluded, overcome by delusion, with mind obsessed by it, intends for his own affliction, for the affliction of others, and for the affliction of both, and he experiences mental suffering and dejection. But when delusion is abandoned, he does not intend for his own affliction, for the affliction of others, or for the affliction of both, and he does not experience mental suffering and dejection.
"One deluded, overcome by delusion, with mind obsessed by it, engages in misconduct by body, speech, and mind. But when delusion is abandoned, he does not engage in misconduct
by body, speech, and mind. One deluded, overcome by delusion, with mind obsessed by it, does not understand as it really is his own good, the good of others, and the good of both. But when delusion is abandoned, one understands as it really is one's own good, the good of others, and the good of both. Delusion leads to blindness, loss of vision, and lack of
knowledge; it is obstructive to wisdom, aligned with distress, and does not lead to nibbana.
"Having seen these dangers in lust, hatred, and delusion, we prescribe their abandoning."
"But is there a path, friend, is there a way to the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion?" .
"There, is a path, friend, there is a way to the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion.
"But what is the path, what is the way to the abandoning of lust, hatred, and.delusion?"
"It is just this noble eightfold path, that is, right view. . . right concentration. This is the path, the way to the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion."
"Excellent, friend, is the path, excellent the way to the abandoning of lust, hatred, and delusion. It is enough, friend Ananda, to be heedful." (AN3.71)
Gevaar van teveel praten
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers for a person who speaks much. What five? He speaks falsely; he speaks divisively; he speaks harshly; he speaks idle chatter; with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell. These are the five dangers for a person who speaks much.
"Bhikkhus, there are these five benefits for a person of judicious speech. What five? He does not speak falsely; he does not speak divisively; he does not speak harshly; he does not speak idle chatter; with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in a good destination, in a heavenly world. These are the five benefits for a person of judicious speech." (AN5.214)
Gevaar van Ongeduld
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers in impatience. What five? One is displeasing and disagreeable to many people; one has an abundance of enmity; one has an abundance of faults; one dies confused; with the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell. These.are the five dangers in impatience.
"Bhikkhus, there are.these five benefits in patience. What five? One is pleasing and agreeable to many people; one does not have an abundance of enmity; one does not have an abundance
of faults; one dies unconfused; with the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in a good destination, in a heavenly world. These are the five benefits in patience-" (AN5.215)
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers in impatience. What five? One is displeasing and disagreeable to many people; one is violent; one is remorseful; one dies confused; with the breakup of the body, after death* one is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell. These are the five dangers in impatience.
"Bhikkhus, there are these five benefits in patience. What five? One is pleasing and agreeable to m any people; one is not violent; one is without remorse; one dies unconfused; with
the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in a good destination, in a heavenly world. These are the five benefits in patience." (AN5.216)
Gevaar van gedrag dat niet vertrouwen opwekt
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers in conduct that does not inspire confidence. What five? One blames oneself; the wise, having investigated, censure one; one acquires a bad reputation; one dies confused; with the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in the plane of misery, in a bad destination, in the lower world, in hell. These are the five dangers in conduct that does not inspire confidence.
"Bhikkhus, there are these five benefits in conduct that inspires confidence. What five? One does not blame oneself; the wise, having investigated, praise one; one acquires a good reputation; one dies unconfused; with the breakup of the body, after death, one is reborn in a good destination, in a heavenly world. These are the five benefits in conduct that inspires confidence." (AN5.217)
-"Bhikkhus, there are these five dangers in conduct that does not inspire confidence. What five? Those without confidence do not gain confidence; some of those with confidence change their minds; the teaching of the Teacher is not carried out; [those in] the next generation follow one's example; and one's own mind does not become placid. These are the five dangers in conduct that does not inspire confidence.
"Bhikkhus, there are these five benefits, in conduct that inspires confidence. What five? Those without confidence gain confidence; those with confidence increase [in their confidence]; the teaching of the Teacher is carried out; [those in] the next generation follow one's example; and one's own mind becomes placid. These are the five benefits in conduct that inspires confidence." (AN5.218)
In de volgende post nog wat sutta’s over de gevaren die de Boeddha zag.